Cerfitication

PHAK 1-20

• A student pilot is being trained by an instructor pilot for his or her first full certificate, and is permitted to fly alone (solo) under specific, limited circumstances

• Endorsements are form of authorization, are written to establish that the certificate holder has received training in specific skill areas. Endorsements are written and signed by an authorized individual, usually a certificated flight instructor (CFI), and are based on aircraft classification

FAR 61.83 – Eligibility requirements

• Be at least 16 years of age (14 years of age to pilot a glider or balloon)

• Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language

• There is no minimum aeronautical knowledge or experience requirement for the issuance of a student pilot certificate, and it does not expire

FAR 61.85 – Application

• IACRA

FAR 61.87 – Solo requirements

• Receive and log flight training in areas of 61.87(d)

• Pre-solo knowledge test administered by and reviewed with instructor

• Hold FAA medical certificate or operate under BasicMed

• Receive logbook endorsement within last 90 days

  • Must be proficient in maneuvers and procedures of make and model to be flown

• FAR 61.51(i)(2) A student pilot must carry their student pilot certificate and logbook in the aircraft on all solo cross-country flights as evidence of the required authorized instructor endorsements

FAR 61.89 – General limitations

• A student pilot may not carry passengers, fly or carry property for compensation or hire, fly in furtherance of a business, or operate an aircraft outside of the various endorsements provided by the flight instructor

FAR 61.93 – Solo cross-country flight requirements

• Receive ground and flight training in areas of 61.93(e)

• Accomplish pre-solo flight maneuvers and procedures required by 61.87

• Receive endorsement to fly to an airport within 25 miles (takeoff & landing practice) or 50 miles (solo cross-country)

FAR 61.95 – Operations in class B airspace

• A student pilot may not operate in or fly to an airport within class B airspace on a solo flight without receiving training and a logbook endorsement

Airman Certification Standards: Private Pilot - Airplane

FAR 61.103 – Eligibility requirements

• Be at least 17 years of age for a rating in other than a glider or balloon

• Be at least 16 years of age for a rating in a glider or balloon

• Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language

• Hold a U.S. student pilot certificate, sport pilot certificate, or recreational pilot certificate

• After completing knowledge and experience requirements, applicant will take a written knowledge test as well an in-person oral and practical test –

• Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who –

  • Conducted training on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 61.105(b)

  • Certified that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test

• Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 61.105(b)

• Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who –

  • Conducted the training in the areas of operation listed in 61.107(b)

  • Certified that the person is prepared for the required practical test

• Pass a practical test on the areas of operation listed in 61.107(b)

FAR 61.105(b) – Aeronautical knowledge areas

FAR 61.107(b)(1) – Flight proficiency: Areas of operation

FAR 61.109(a) – Aeronautical experience

A person who applies for a private pilot certificate must log at least

• 40 hours of flight time, including at least 20 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor and 10 hours of solo training in the areas of operation listed in 61.107(b)(1), including –

  • 3 hours of cross-country flight training

  • 3 hours of night flight training, including –

    • 10 full stop takeoffs and landings and 100nm cross-country flight

  • 3 hours of flight training on the control and maneuvering of an airplane solely by reference to instruments including –

    • Straight and level, airspeed climbs and descents, heading turns, attitude recovery, radio contact, use of navigation and radar services

  • 3 hours of flight training in preparation for the practical test, within 2 calendar months

  • 10 hours of solo flight time, including –

    • 5 hours solo cross-country time

    • One solo cross-country flight of 150nm total distance, with full-stop landings at 3 points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50nm

    • 3 takeoffs and 3 landings to a full stop, using the traffic pattern at an airport with an operating control tower

(k) Permitted credit for use of a full flight simulator or flight training device

• A maximum of 2.5 hours of training in a flight training device representing the category, class, and type, if applicable, of aircraft appropriate to the rating sought, may be credited toward the flight training time required by this section

FAR 61.113 – Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in command

• A private pilot flies for pleasure or personal business without accepting compensation for flying except in some very limited, specific circumstances

• Passengers may be carried and flight in furtherance of a business is permitted; however, a private pilot may not be compensated in any way for services as a pilot, although passengers can pay a pro rata share of flight expenses, such as fuel or rental costs

• FAR 61.19  A pilot certificate is valid unless it is surrendered, suspended, or revoked

  • Privileges – Act as PIC, carry passengers, PIC for hire incidental to business or employment (no passengers or property), search & location reimbursement, aircraft sale demo flight (200 hours)

    • FAR 91.146  PIC for charitable, non-profit, community event

    • FAR 61.69 91.309  Glider tow

  • Limitations –  No compensation or hire (incidental to business? contact FSDO),  pro rata share (only operating expenses)

FAR 91.3 — Responsibility and authority of the pilot in command

• The pilot in command of an aircraft is directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to, the operation of that aircraft

• In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate action, the pilot in command may deviate from any rule of this part to the extent required to meet that emergency

An instrument rated pilot is trained to fly solely by reference in instruments in less than Visual Metrological Conditions (VMC)

Instrument rating is required to –

FAR 61.3  act as PIC in less than VFR conditions

FAR 61.133  carry passengers for hire at night or on XC flights longer than 50 nm

FAR 91.135  fly in Class A airspace

FAR 91.157  Special VFR between sunset and sunrise

Airman Certification Standards: Instrument Rating - Airplane

FAR 61.65 – Instrument rating requirements

• Hold at least a current private pilot certificate, or be concurrently applying for a private pilot certificate

• Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language

• After completing knowledge and experience requirements, applicant will take a written knowledge test as well an in-person oral and practical test –

• Receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor on the aeronautical knowledge areas of 61.65(b)

  • Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that the person is prepared to take the required knowledge test

• Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of 61.65(b)

• Receive and log training on the areas of operation of 61.65(c) from an authorized instructor

• Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that the person is prepared to take the required practical test

• Pass the required practical test on the areas of operation in 61.65(c)

(b)  Aeronautical Knowledge

(c)  Flight proficiency

(d)  Aeronautical experience

• 50 hours of cross-country flight time as PIC, with 10 hours in an airplane

• 40 hours actual or simulated instrument time in the areas of operation listed in 61.65(c), with 15 hours from an authorized instructor who holds an instrument-airplane rating, including –

  • Three hours of instrument flight training from an authorized instructor within 2 calendar months of the practical test

  • Instrument flight training on cross country flight procedures, including one cross country flight that is performed under instrument flight rules, when a flight plan has been filed with an air traffic control facility, and that involves –

    • A flight of 250 nautical miles along airways or by directed routing from an air traffic control facility

    • An instrument approach at each airport

    • 3 different kinds of approaches with the use of navigation systems

(i)  Use of an aviation training device

• A maximum of 10 hours of instrument time received in a basic aviation training device or a maximum of 20 hours of instrument time received in an advanced aviation training device may be credited for the instrument time requirements of this section

FAR 61.31 – Type rating requirements

• Large aircraft
• Turbojet-powered airplanes
• FAA required

• Landing gear
• Controllable-pitch propeller
• Flaps