Instrument Approach

FAR 91.175 – Takeoff and Landing under IFR

Approach Types

Precision Approaches

APV – LP LPV LNAV/VNAV

ILS

Localizer + glideslope

Non-precision Approaches

Pilot must
LNAV LNAV+V

LOC

Localizer only

VOR

Horizontal guidance on VOR radial

RNAV

RAIM required - LNAV, LNAV+V
WAAS required - LP, LPV, LNAV/VNAV

RNP Required Navigation Performance

RNP AR Authorization Required
Calculate RNP

Approach Plates

TPP

DME Arcs

Start turns 1/2 mile from radial

Clearance

Expect Approach

On IFR flight plan pilots can request a specific IAP at the destination
If available, ATC will tell pilot to expect an approach
Load approach into FMS, ensure GPS routing is correct
- Direct To waypoint on GPS flight plan vs GPS approach PROC

ABBC

ATIS/AWOS

Build COM/NAV/GPS/minimums

Brief

Checklist

Cleared for Approach AIM 4-8-1

"callsign cleared for type/rwy approach into airport
turn heading and descend altitude to intercept final approach course"

Approach Briefing

ICEATM

Identify VOR/LOC

Course bug

Entry

Altitudes bug

Time

Missed

Clicling?

Altitude lost per approach leg

Descent

Descent Checklist

Load and verify approach
Brief approach
- ID and set VOR/LOC
- Runway in use – circling?

Passing Approach Fixes

Bug next descent altitude
Bug DA/MDA

Configure for Landing

Before Landing checklist, 10° flaps, switch to VOR/LOC
- 1/2 mile before Final Approach Fix or –
- 1/2 deflection under glideslope
Reduce and maintain airspeed, start timer

Procedure Turn PT

Course Reversal

No Procedure Turn 'NoPT'

SHARP TT

Straight In

Holding in lieu

Arc of DME

Radar Vectors

NoPT

Teardrop

Timed Approach

Minimums

FAR 91.175(c) Descent Below Minimums

Visual Descent Point VDP

Calculate VDP

HAT Height Above Touchdown minimums 'AGL

–––––

300 Glideslipe 3°

= distance in NM to runway / missed approach point

*subtract this value from DME

Minimum Descent Altitude MDA

Decision Altitude DA

Circling Approach

Use MFD range ring or NRST page to maintain 1.3nm from runway

Exapanded cirlcing minumums TPP

Missed Approach

5 Cs

Cram full throttle

Climb 74KIAS

Clean flaps, mixture

Click deactivate SUSP

Call mandatory report